Definition
Hand washing ek aseptic technique hai jisme hands ko soap aur water (ya antiseptic solution) se clean kiya jata hai taaki dirt, organic matter, aur microorganisms remove ho sake.
Objectives / Purpose
1. Infection ke spread ko prevent karna
2. Cross-contamination se bachav karna
3. Patient aur nurse dono ko protect karna
4. Aseptic environment maintain karna
5. Professional hygiene maintain rakhna
Types of Hand Washing
1. Social / Routine Hand Wash:
● Daily contact ke liye hota hai.
● Time: 40–60 seconds.
● Normal soap aur water use hota hai.
2. Antiseptic Hand Wash:
● Antiseptic solution jaise chlorhexidine ya povidone-iodine use hota hai.
● Minor procedure se pehle kiya jata hai.
3. Surgical Hand Wash:
● Surgery ke pehle perform kiya jata hai.
● Time: 5–10 minutes.
● Antiseptic solution aur sterile brush use hota hai.
( According To WHO ) 7-Steps of Hand Washing
Step 1: Hands ko clean running water se wet karo
Apne dono haath ko saaf pani se achhe se gila karo. Agar available ho to lukewarm (thoda garam) water use karo. Ye step germs aur dirt ko loosen karta hai.
Step 2: Soap apply karo (enough quantity)
Hand ke dono palm par thoda sa liquid ya bar soap lo. Ensure karo ki poore hand surface cover ho jaye. Soap germs ko destroy karta hai.
Step 3: Palm to palm rub karo
Dono palms ko ek dusre ke against rub karo taaki foam ban jaye. Ye germs ko skin surface se nikalne me help karta hai.
Step 4: Right palm ko left hand ke back (dorsum) par rub karo
Right palm ko left hand ke upar (back side) rub karo, fingers interlace karke. Phir left palm se right hand ke back ko rub karo. Ye hand ke outer surface ko clean karta hai.
Step 5: Fingers interlace karke palm to palm rub karo
Fingers ko interlock karke dono palms ke beech rub karo. Ye fingers ke beech me germs remove karta hai, jahan usually dirt jamta hai.
Step 6: Nails aur fingertips rub karo
Fingertips aur nails ke area ko palm ke against circular motion me rub karo. Ye nails ke neeche ke bacteria aur dirt ko nikalta hai.
Step 7: Thumb aur fingertips circular motion me rub karo
Ek hand se doosre hand ke thumb ko pakadkar circular motion me rub karo, fir change karo. Isse thumb ke around ke germs hatte hain.
Step 8: Water se rinse karo
Dono haath ko running water se achhe se dho lo, taaki saara soap aur germs nikal jaye.
Step 9: Clean towel ya tissue se dry karo
Hands ko completely dry karo clean towel ya disposable tissue se. Wet hands me germs jaldi lagte hain.
Step 10: Tap band karne ke liye elbow ya tissue use karo
Tap ko directly haath se mat band karo. Tissue ya elbow use karo taaki freshly washed hands phir se contaminated na ho jayein.
Time: 40–60 seconds (routine) / 5–10 min (surgical)
When to Wash Hands (WHO 5 Moments)
1. Patient ke contact se pehle
2. Aseptic procedure se pehle
3. Body fluid exposure ke baad
4. Patient ke contact ke baad
5. Patient environment ke contact ke baad
Agents Used
● Plain soap and water
● Alcohol-based hand rub (70% alcohol)
● Antiseptic solution (Chlorhexidine, Povidone-iodine)
Precautions
● Nails short aur clean rakho
● Rings, bangles aur watch remove karo
● Water warm ho
● Gloves pehne se pehle hands dry hone chahiye
● Hand rub tabhi use karo jab hands visibly clean ho
Conclusion
Hand washing ek simple lekin most powerful method hai jo infection control me major role play karta hai. Har nurse ko patient care ke pehle aur baad me hand hygiene maintain karna chahiye taaki patient safety aur infection prevention dono ensure ho sake.
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